What does SR mean on an oversize permit?

State Route. A state route, numbered by that state: SR 99 is State Route 99.

Also printed as STATE ROUTE.

On real permits

PrintedMeansState
SR 51State Route 51Arizona
SR 202 LoopLoop 202, State Route 202 around metro PhoenixArizona
SR 796State Road 796, the Milford ParkwayConnecticut
SR-9 SouthIndiana State Road 9, southboundIndiana
SR 3482 (Ferry Road)State secondary road 3482, with its local name. NCDOT lists secondary road numbers by county; its Secondary Roads lookup searches by county and road number.North Carolina

Decode a whole route line